Intuitionistic FWI-ideals of residuated lattice Wajsberg algebras

The notions of intutionistic fuzzy Wajsberg implicative ideal( –ideal) and intuitionistic fuzzy lattice ideal of residuated Wajsberg algebras are introduced. Also,  we show that every intuitionistic - ideal of residuated lattice Wajsberg algebra is an intuitionistic fuzzy lattice ideal of residuated lattice Wajsberg algebra. Further, we discuss its converse part

The Change and Difference of the Prosody

Prosody in Tamil has changed and developed from time to time. Prosody itself helps in the creation of traditional poems. Apart from creating traditional poems, prosody is also a tool for knowing the structure and meaning of songs composed on the basis of a tradition dating back to ancient times. It is prosody that lays down the rules for the style of the verse, which treats the subject matter of the book with sound and appearance. If the ideas expressed are in the style of a poem, then the prose has no use for the reciter. That is why, compared to prose, the style of the poem becomes superior. Since all our ancient texts are composed in the style of poetry, the practice of prosody is essential for our fullest experience of them. Tolkappiya poetry is an uncommon component of understanding the structure of ancient Tamil poetry. The former praised the prosodic features and developed them from time to time. The Tholkappiyar was also well-versed in the prosodic system that existed before him. He praises the creators of prosody that existed before him as 'Yaappari Pulavar (Poets who know Prosody)'. Tolkappiyam is the first book we have today to expound the Prosody. After Tholkappiyam, books such as Kakkaipaadiniyam, Avinayam, Yaapparungalam, Yaapparungalakaarikai, Veerachozhiyam, Muthuveeriyam, Palkaayam, etc., have appeared to describe prosody. It is natural that from time to time the emergence of new types of prosody and changes in old prosodic types occur. Therefore, the prosody explained by other poets’ texts differs in some respects from the grammatical trend of Tholkappiyar. This article is based on how Tolkappiyar's opinion about prosodic parts in the grammar of prosody has been changed or different in the prosodic texts that appeared after him

Fuzzy super resolving number and resolving number of some special graphs

Resolving number of a graph was introduced by Slater in the year 1975, which is used to navigate the position of the robot uniquely in a graph-structured framework. In this paper, we introduce fuzzy super resolving set, fuzzy super resolving number and certain crisp graph with ʹ2nʹ vertices and resolving number ʹnʹ , whose resolving set form a basis for Rⁿ.Publisher's Versio

On regular fuzzy resolving set

In a fuzzy graph G, if the degree of each vertex is the same, then it is called a regular fuzzy graph. The representation of σ − H with respect to the subset H of σ are all distinct then H is called the resolving set of the fuzzy graph G(V, σ, µ). In this article, we define a regular fuzzy resolving set, regular fuzzy resolving number and the properties of a regular fuzzy resolving set in a fuzzy graph whose crisp graph is a cycle, even or odd. And also we prove that, if G be a regular fuzzy graph with G* is a cycle, then any minimum fuzzy resolving set of G is a regular fuzzy resolving set of G.Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)MathScinetScopu

A STUDY COMPARING THE ANORECTIC ACTIVITY OF HOT AND COLD AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF DOLICHOS BIFLORUS LINN. SEEDS IN FREELY FEEDING RATS

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anorectic activity of hot (pre-cooked under pressure) and cold (soaked overnight) aqueous extracts of the seeds of D. biflorus in freely feeding Wistar albino rat model.Methods: Hot extract at a dose of 4 % w/v was given to the group 1 and cold extract at a dose of 4 % w/v was given to group 2 while group 3 was kept as the control group. Food intake and analysis of behavioral satiety sequence (BSS) was assessed after 4 w of extract administration whereas body weight was recorded both before and after treatment.Results: Cold extract group showed significant anorectic activity (p<0.05) but not the hot extract group. The cold extract group, unlike the hot extract group also exhibited an acceleration of the BSS indicating that the anorectic activity is primary.Conclusion: The study has thus brought out the potential appetite suppressant activity of the cold extract of D. biflorus seeds.Keywords: Dolichos biflorus, Anorectic, Behavioral satiety sequence, Food intak

Implicative Filters In Quasi Ordered RL-Wajsberg Algebras

This article introduces the idea of implicative filters in quasi ordered RL-Wajsberg algebras and uses examples to explore some of its features.Comment:

Study of Coagulation Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Correlation with Long Term Glycemic Control (HBA1C)

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of coagulation impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to assess the relationship between coagulation impairment and long term glycemic control with reference to HBA1C. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is cross sectional study among 200 diabetes mellitus patients attending outpatient department in Coimbatore medical college hospital aged above 40 years with Hba1c > 8. RESULTS: In this study PT and APTT were significant (P 8. CONCLUSION: From this study, it may concluded that the high prevalence of altered coagulation profile in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus has been established. The effect of hypercoagulable state on the microvascular and macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus should be considered. Thus the effective control of glycemic status which leads on to the alteration in the coagulation profile should be emphasized

Role of Raloxifene in Post Menopausal Osteoporosis: A Prospective study

INTRODUCTION: In 1000 BC life expectancy was only 17 years and by the time of 100 BC in the time of Julius Caesar, it had reached 25 years. In 2000 AD the average life expectancy was 79.7 years for women and 74.3 for men (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2004). Osteoporosis the most prevalent and a major global public health problem affecting elderly women 4 times more commonly than men. (National osteoporosis foundation 2003) Because of this demographic change the number of hip fractures increase approximately six fold increasing the morbidity in the postmenopausal group. (Cooper et al). Osteoporosis is highly prevalent in India, 4 to 6 million people are affected, it is projected that by the year 2030 the proportion of postmenopausal women will be 2nd highest next to china and the burden of osteoporosis in India will also be very high (Gupta et al). Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of Bone tissue leading to enhanced bone fragility consequently increased risk of fractures even with little or no trauma. Post menopausal status directly attributes to osteoporosis due to hormonal deficiency and contributes to significant morbidity, mortality, reduction in quality of life, and increasing health care costs. Various drugs used are as follows: • Sex hormones, • Bisphosphonates, • Calcitonin, • Calcium and vitamin D, • Tibolone, • Teriparatide, • Flouride, • Statins, • Thiazides, • SERMS. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used in the prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. To date there has been few prospective trials and several randomized control trials since 1997 comparing Raloxifene with various other standard therapies. This prospective study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of Raloxifene in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Raloxifene in postmenopausal women by comparing the pretreatment and post treatment bone mineral density levels. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a prospective randomised placebo control study conducted at Govt. Kasthurba Gandhi Hospital, Chennai at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. This study comprised of study subject (n=50) postmenopausal women attending gynaec op for other problems from September 2004 to September 2006. The study was approved by the hospital ethical committee. The BMD studies were done at SMS Medica-Chennai osteoporosis detection centre, Nungambakkam Chennai. Inclusion Criteria: • Women who attained spontaneous menopause • The duration of menopause being minimum of two years. • Not on any drugs like hormone replacement, Vit D, Ca supplementation. • No history of any vertebral compression fractures • No history any spinal deformity or spinal surgery. • No history of osteoarthritis Exclusion Criteria: • Patients with menopausal symptoms. • Patients with history of postmenopausal bleeding • Patients on chronic medication. • Patients who had hysterectomy or premature menopause. • Patients having active rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal, liver, metabolic, and Neoplastic or endocrinological disease. • History of recurrent vascular thrombosis • Family history of any breast or genital malignancies. • Hyperparathyroidism, Pagets disease, Renal osteodystrophy • History of treatment with bisphosphonates, sodiumflouride, calcitonin, estroprogestins, • anabolic steroids, cortcosteroids, Calcium or vitamin D supplementation • Smokers or alcoholics METHODS: The women so selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were explained about the study and consent was obtained. Detailed menstrual, obstetric, drug intake history was taken. Each subject underwent general physical, 39 of 78 systemic abdominal examination. They were randomly assigned to the study and control groups and were subjected to DEXA scan. On the day of scan subjects were asked to eat normally. To avoid calcium supplements for at least 24 hours before the scan. They were requested to wear loose, comfortable clothing, avoiding garments that have zippers, belts or buttons made of metal and were asked to remove jewelry, eye glasses and any metal objects or clothing that might interfere with the images. Following DEXA, those assigned to the study group were given 60 mg Raloxifene orally for one year. For the randomly assigned matched control group, similarly shaped inert capsules were given for the same duration. RESULTS: This study, conducted at government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital for Women and Children, Chennai during the period September 2004 to September 2006 compares the efficacy of Raloxifene in post menopausal osteoporosis with that of a placebo. The findings from both the group of patients were correlated in terms of bone mineral density. 50 patients were included in the study and the outcomes were analyzed using various parameters. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using chisquare test, ANOVA, frequency and percentage analysis, T-test, one way tests and group correlations. Many crosstabs were formed from the results to understand various relationships in the results between the control and the placebo group. CONCLUSION: Using Raloxifene in the post menopausal group on an outpatient basis is a relatively safe and simple treatment with no major adverse effects in improving the bone mineral density in the spine and hip joint. • Raloxifene reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures and reducing the long term morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. • Raloxifene has no risk of endometrial changes and breast cancer, breast tenderness (compared to estrogens) and no major side effect profile. The compliance is good , • As the risk of osteoporosis increases with increasing duration of menopause, Raloxifene should be initiated as soon as menopause sets in so that the morbidity in the rapid losers can be prevented. • In a country where follow up advice is not properly complied with, e Raloxifene can be safely administered and made available in every pharmacy. So in countries like India where the resources are limited, patients must be made aware of the postmenopausal osteoporosis and treated effectively so health care costs could reduce

Therapeutic evaluation of homeopathic treatment for canine oral papillomatosis

Aim: A study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative potential of homeopathic drugs in combination (Sulfur 30C, Thuja 30C, Graphites 30C, and Psorinum 30C) in 16 dogs affected with oral papillomatosis which was not undergone any previous treatment. Materials and Methods: Dogs affected with oral papillomatosis, which have not undergone any initial treatment and fed with a regular diet. Dogs (total=16) were randomly divided into two groups, namely, homeopathic treatment group (n=8) and placebo control group (n=8). Random number table was used for allocation. Homeopathic combination of drugs and placebo drug (distilled water) was administered orally twice daily for 15 days. Clinical evaluation in both groups of dogs was performed by the same investigator throughout the period of study (12 months). Dogs were clinically scored for oral lesions on days 0, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 after initiation of treatment. Results: The homeopathic treatment group showed early recovery with a significant reduction in oral lesions reflected by clinical score (p<0.001) in comparison to placebo-treated group. Oral papillomatous lesions regressed in the homeopathic group between 7 and 15 days, whereas regression of papilloma in the placebo group occurred between 90 and 150 days. The homeopathic treated group was observed for 12 months post-treatment period and no recurrence of oral papilloma was observed. Conclusion: The current study proves that the combination of homeopathy drugs aids in fastening the regression of canine oral papilloma and proved to be safe and cost-effective

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE ON AYAPODI ELAGAM - A SIDDHA HERBOMINERAL FORMULATION IN WISTER ALBINO RATS

Ayapodi Elagam (A.E) was used in Siddha system of medicine for many years to treat Pandu (Anemia). This medicine contains Nellikai, Keezhanelli, Karisalai and Ayam. These herbs are helps to improve the blood to correct the anemia. This study was carried out to evaluate the acute and chronic toxic effect on Ayapodi Elagam and to determine the LD50. The toxicity study was done as per the guidelines of world health organization (WHO) guideline. As the herbs and Ayam were used for treating anemia by traditional practitioners for years together, the toxicity study was also proposed to study in both sexes. In acute study the animals were divided into two groups A.E was administered at 5000mg/kg orally and animals were observed for toxic sign at 0,5,1,4,24 hour and for 14 days. In chronic toxicity study A.E was administered at 450,900 and 1800 mg/kg body weight/day to 3 groups of animal, respectively. The distilled water was administered to control animals. The result showed that the acute toxicity study of A.E. at the dose level of 5000mg/kg does not produce any toxic sign and mortality among the experimental groups and the LD50 value of the drug was found to be more than 5000mg/kg bodyweight. The weight of rats, wellness parameters, mortality, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters and histological analysis of all vital organs were observed to know the chronic toxic effect of the drug. All the parameters of the study do not show the any significant chances between the control and experimental groups